How does Java handle integer overflow?

In Java, integer overflow occurs when a calculation exceeds the range of the data type. Java handles it by wrapping around to the other end of the range:

• For int (32-bit): Range is -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. If a value exceeds this, it wraps around. Example:

int x = Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1; // x becomes Integer.MIN_VALUE

• Java doesn’t throw an exception for overflow in primitive types. Use Math.addExact() or Math.multiplyExact() to detect overflow and throw an exception.

In short: Java wraps around on overflow unless you explicitly check for it.